Stephen Toulmin was a British philosopher, author, and educator who sought to understand the analysis of moral reasoning. The Toulmin model was later found to be useful for the analysis of of rhetorical arguments. Rhetoric, or the art of persuasive speaking, is one of those classes that you notice existing in college, but never really think of again. But maybe you should. Understanding arguments can be helpful not only in such cases as making a great presentation at work, but can also help you decipher others arguments so the wrong ones don't pull you in. Being good at persuasive speaking can help get you that raise. And understanding the building blocks of arguments can help you defend yourself against them.

And, who knows, maybe understanding and making solid arguments will become your thing, and you will be the one that no one can out argue in the comment section. But just a piece of advice, the best persuaders will be believed to have the readers interests at heart. So while you're building up your rhetoric, build up your ethos as well.
Basics of the Toulmin Model
In any good argument the reason should not only support the claim, but it should be built on solid assumptions(warrents), as well as having solid evidence to back it up. There are two other parts to Toulmin's model those being qualifiers, that which limits or clarifies the claim, and rebuttals in anticipation of counter arguments.